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. 1998 Nov 7;317(7168):1279–1283. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1279

Table 2.

Ward means (95% confidence interval) for nurse staffing levels, by type of local authority

Local authority No of staff needed per patient
Estimated No of vacancies No of staff a trust aims to employ % of regular staff on duty % of qualified staff on duty
Estimated* Actual
Inner London (n=15) 1.66 (1.37 to 1.95) 0.86 (0.71 to 1.01) 13.01 (9.21 to 16.80) 1.19 (0.98 to 1.4) 90 (84 to 96) 78 (70 to 86)
Outer London (n=37) 1.40 (1.24 to 1.56) 0.77 (0.66 to 0.87)  12.41 (10.29 to 14.52) 0.97 (0.86 to 1.0) 88 (81 to 94) 63 (58 to 68)
Metropolitan (n=55) 1.36 (1.23 to 1.50) 1.07 (0.96 to 1.18) 5.87 (3.76 to 7.98) 1.05 (0.94 to 1.1) 96 (93 to 99) 51 (47 to 56)
County council (n=145) 1.50 (1.40 to 1.60) 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17) 7.53 (6.31 to 8.75) 1.17 (1.09 to 1.2) 94 (91 to 96) 61 (58 to 64)
Wales (n=11) 1.51 (1.03 to 1.99) 0.95 (0.66 to 1.24)  8.98 (5.87 to 12.10) 0.93 (0.65 to 1.2)  96 (91 to 102) 65 (57 to 73)
Total (n=263) 1.47 (1.40 to 1.54) 1.02 (0.96 to 1.07) 8.24 (7.32 to 9.16) 1.11 (1.05 to 1.1) 93 (91 to 95) 61 (59 to 63)
Significance (F test) F=1.18; df 4, 253; P=0.319 F=4.59; df 4, 257; P<0.01 F=6.54; df 4, 253; P<0.001 F=2.25; df 4, 256; P=0.064 F=2.13; df 4, 258; P=0.077 F=9.32; df 4, 258; P<0.001
*

Actual staff on duty multiplied by 5.1 for non-handover and 3.6 for handover period.10 

Estimated number of staff needed minus actual number of permanent staff.