Observation of dentin matrix protein-1–green fluorescent protein (DMP-1–GFP) expression as a marker of mature osteoblast and odontoblast lineage cells. The expression of DMP-1–GFP was evaluated in 5-d-old mandibles (A, B) and in the periodontal ligament area (C, D). The expression of DMP-1–GFP was localized to odontoblasts (A, B) and to osteocytes within the alveolar bone (C, D; c, cementum; b, bone; p, periodontal ligament; d, dentin). The expression of DMP-1–GFP was observed at a late stage and was localized to the mineralized areas of differentiated murine dental follicle (mDF) cultures (E, F). The absence of dentin sialophosphoprotein expression as an indicator of odontoblastic differentiation and the contamination of mDF culture with pulp cells was confirmed by real-time PCR (panel G: DSPP, dentin sialophosphoprotein; DP, dental pulp; DF, DF culture; PDL, periodontal ligament culture; 18S, ribosomal RNA; w, week) (A, D: images were taken under 20× magnification, bar = 100 μm; E, F: images were taken under 10× magnification, bar = 200 μm). 18S.