Table 2.
Effect of dietary plants or extracts on carbohydrate homeostasis measured in vitro.
| Inhibiotion of a–Amylase activity | Inhibiotion of a–Glucosidase activity | Inhibition of glucose absorption from intestine | Protection of beta-cells in cell culture | Protection of beta-cells in islets or pancreas | Increased insulin secretion/content from cultured cells | Increased insulin secretion/content in isolated islets/pancreas | Improved GU in muscle cells | Improved GU in adypocytes | Induction of hepatic glucokinase activity | Supression of gluconeogenetic enzyme expression | Activation of hepatic AMPK | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acerola | [196] | [42] | ||||||||||
| Berries; strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, blackcurrant | [189] | [189,213] | ||||||||||
| Blueberry | [72] | [72] | [114] | [114] | ||||||||
| Black rice | [214] | |||||||||||
| Rice bran | [150] | |||||||||||
| Gingko biloba | [44,207] | [44,207] | ||||||||||
| Red wine | [189] | [215] | ||||||||||
| Tea green, black | [189,208, 209,210] | [209,215] | [181] | [218] | [218] | |||||||
| Vegetables; pumpkin, beans, maize, eggplant | [211,212] | [211,212] | ||||||||||
| Soy | [64] | [63,64,216] | [63] | [63] | [140] | |||||||
| Grape | [80] | |||||||||||
| Grape seed | [108, 109] | [108] | [173] | |||||||||
| Bitter melon | [110] | [111] | ||||||||||
| Canna indica root | [122] | |||||||||||
| Cinnamon | [217] | |||||||||||
| Artemisia dracunculus | [219] |