TABLE 3.
Descriptive Statistics on Home Environment and Maternal Functioning at Waves 1 and Changes between Waves 1 and 2
| Single (S) Waves 1&2 (n = 449) | Married (M) Waves 1&2 (n = 198) | Cohabiting (C) Waves 1&2 (n = 23) | Marriage Formed (MF) (n = 88) | Cohabitation Formed (CF) (n = 46) | Fa | Planned Comparisons | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Context | ||||||||
| Income-to-needs | ||||||||
| Wave 1 | 0.84 (0.480) | 0.93 (0.54) | 0.890 (0.30) | 0.960 (0.54) | 0.96 (0.45) | 1.68 | ||
| Δ scores | 0.13 (0.610) | 0.33 (0.84) | 0.430 (0.40) | 0.390 (0.71) | 0.37 (0.55) | 7.03*** | S < C; S < MF | |
| Financial Strain | ||||||||
| Wave 1 | 0.06 (0.690) | −0.34 (0.53) | 0.060 (0.42) | 0.300 (0.60) | 0.23 (0.91) | 15.6*** | S > M; S < MF | |
| Δ scores | −0.01 (0.740) | 0.14 (0.66) | 0.020 (0.40) | −0.110 (0.66) | −0.28 (0.66) | 3.34** | ||
| Maternal Functioning | ||||||||
| Psychological Distress | ||||||||
| Wave 1 | 1.60 (1.100) | 1.20 (0.95) | 2.200 (0.72) | 1.700 (1.10) | 2.10 (0.99) | 9.92*** | S > M; S < C | |
| Δ scores | 0.05 (0.950) | −.150 (1.10) | −0.240 (0.59) | 0.110 (1.10) | −0.37 (1.10) | 4.44** | ||
| Parenting Stress | ||||||||
| Wave 1 | 2.90 (0.870) | 2.60 (0.81) | 2.600 (0.65) | 3.000 (1.00) | 2.80 (0.83) | 7.15*** | S > M | |
| Δ scores | −0.12 (0.925) | −.160 (0.69) | 0.100 (0.57) | −0.280 (1.30) | 0.04 (0.85) | 3.76** | ||
| Home Context | ||||||||
| Cognitive Stimulation | ||||||||
| Wave 1 | 84.20 (24.300) | 87.40 (26.40) | 81.700 (26.70) | 87.100 (23.30) | 86.30 (23.40) | 2.58* | ||
| Δ scores | −6.90 (31.300) | −0.42 (25.50) | −2.600 (23.50) | −10.300 (28.20) | −3.10 (16.80) | 2.66* | ||
| Family Routines | ||||||||
| Wave 1 | 2.80 (0.670) | 3.00 (0.62) | 2.900 (0.60) | 2.900 (0.59) | 2.50 (0.70) | 7.88*** | S < M | |
| Δ scores | −0.14 (0.710) | −0.12 (0.77) | −0.450 (0.83) | −0.120 (0.63) | 0.05 (0.75) | 3.01* | ||
| Parenting | ||||||||
| Parental Monitoring | ||||||||
| Wave 1 | 0.88 (0.130) | 0.90 (0.11) | 0.870 (0.12) | 0.880 (0.10) | 0.87 (0.13) | 1.66 | ||
| Δ scores | −0.010(.140) | −0.03 (0.12) | 0.003 (0.14) | −0.004 (0.16) | 0.04 (0.13) | 2.99* | ||
| Harsh Punishment | ||||||||
| Wave 1 | 1.90 (0.680) | 1.70 (0.58) | 2.000 (0.75) | 1.900 (0.70) | 1.70 (0.49) | 2.40* | ||
| Δ scores | −.030 (0.790) | −0.09 (0.63) | 13 (0.95) | −0.160 (0.51) | 0.16 (0.49) | 2.20 | ||
Note: Weighted means and standard deviations in parentheses are presented.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.
a
The weighted degrees of freedom for the F tests were 5, 813.
b
Planned comparisons were conducted with each partnership group compared to the single (S) group; significant (p < .05) contrasts are presented.