DNA transfection mediates caspase activation and substrate release. A, THP-1 cells were transfected with or without DNA for the indicated times. Cell extracts and conditioned media were prepared and probed by immunoblot for the presence of caspases-1, -3, and -7 and IL-1β. B, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was assessed for THP-1 cells under the same conditions. Casp, caspase; AU, arbitrary units.