Table 1.
Item Mappings for Three Alternative Models of the Structure of PTSD Symptoms
| Model |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| DSM-IV PTSD symptom number and abbreviated content |
1 | 2 | 3 |
| B1. Intrusive thoughts of trauma | R | R | R |
| B2. Recurrent dreams of trauma | R | R | R |
| B3. Flashbacks | R | R | R |
| B4. Emotional reactivity to trauma cues | R | R | R |
| B5. Physiological reactivity to trauma cues |
R | R | R |
| C1. Avoiding thoughts of trauma | A, N | A | A |
| C2. Avoiding reminders of trauma | A, N | A | A |
| C3. Inability to recall aspects of trauma | A, N | N | D |
| C4. Loss of interest | A, N | N | D |
| C5. Detachment | A, N | N | D |
| C6. Restricted affect | A, N | N | D |
| C7. Sense of foreshortened future | A, N | N | D |
| D1. Sleep disturbance | H | H | D |
| D2. Irritability | H | H | D |
| D3. Difficulty concentrating | H | H | D |
| D4. Hypervigilance | H | H | H |
| D5. Exaggerated startle response | H | H | H |
Note. PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder. Model 1 = DSM-IV; Model 2 = King et al. (1998); Model 3 = Simms et al. (2002). Symptom clusters to which items contribute: R = Reexperiencing; A = Avoidance; N = Numbing; H = Hyperarousal; D = Dysphoria.