Table 3.
Heat stress, poor overall health, and psychological distress by potential confounding factors in a cohort of 40,913 fulltime workers
| Heat stress | Poor overall health | Psychological distress | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | ORa | 95% CI | % | ORa | 95% CI | % | ORa | 95% CI | |
| Total | 18.3 | 4.7 | 8.3 | ||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Males | 22.5 | 1 | 3.8 | 1 | 7.4 | 1 | |||
| Females | 14.9 | 0.60** | 0.57–0.63 | 5.6 | 1.55** | 1.40–1.70 | 9.0 | 1.24** | 1.16–1.35 |
| Age group (%) | |||||||||
| 15–29 | 18.2 | 1 | 5.1 | 1 | 9.9 | 1 | |||
| 30–44 | 18.6 | 1.02 | 0.97–1.07 | 4.5 | 0.87* | 0.79–0.95 | 6.7 | 0.65** | 0.60–0.70 |
| >45 | 16.4 | 0.88* | 0.78–0.99 | 3.9 | 0.71* | 0.56–0.90 | 4.3 | 0.41** | 0.33–0.52 |
| Job location | |||||||||
| Bangkok | 14.0 | 1 | 5.8 | 1 | 9.5 | 1 | |||
| Urban | 18.6 | 1.39** | 1.30–1.50 | 4.8 | 0.81* | 0.72–0.92 | 8.3 | 0.86* | 0.78–0.95 |
| Rural | 20.1 | 1.54** | 1.43–1.66 | 4.1 | 0.70** | 0.62–0.79 | 7.7 | 0.80** | 0.72–0.88 |
| Job typeb | |||||||||
| Office | 10.6 | 1 | 3.9 | 1 | 6.6 | 1 | |||
| Physical | 14.3 | 1.40** | 1.26–1.57 | 3.8 | 0.99 | 0.81–1.21 | 6.4 | 0.97 | 0.83–1.14 |
| Education | |||||||||
| University | 15.3 | 1 | 4.9 | 1 | 7.8 | 1 | |||
| Diploma | 17.1 | 1.14** | 1.06–1.22 | 4.7 | 0.99 | 0.88–1.11 | 8.9 | 1.16* | 1.06–1.28 |
| High school | 21.6 | 1.52** | 1.43–1.62 | 4.8 | 0.96 | 0.86–1.09 | 8.2 | 1.05 | 0.97–1.62 |
| Personal income (Baht/month) | |||||||||
| 20,001+ | 12.6 | 1 | 4.4 | 1 | 5.8 | 1 | |||
| 10,001–20,000 | 18.1 | 1.54** | 1.39–1.70 | 4.5 | 0.99 | 0.83–1.17 | 7.1 | 1.26* | 1.09–1.47 |
| 7,001–10,000 | 18.9 | 1.62** | 1.46–1.78 | 5.0 | 1.16 | 0.98–1.37 | 8.8 | 1.56** | 1.36–1.81 |
| < 7,000 | 19.9 | 1.73** | 1.57–1.91 | 5.1 | 1.17 | 0.98–1.38 | 9.9 | 1.77** | 1.55–2.06 |
| Other work hazard complaints | |||||||||
| No other complaints | 11.4 | 1 | 3.9 | 1 | 6.3 | 1 | |||
| Scored 1–2 items with ‘often’ | 30.9 | 3.47** | 3.32–3.67 | 6.7 | 1.75** | 1.59–1.92 | 12.1 | 2.05** | 1.91–2.24 |
| Scored 3–5 items with ‘often’ | 59.4 | 11.34** | 10.26–12.54 | 8.9 | 2.48** | 2.09–2.94 | 19.5 | 3.60** | 3.13–4.06 |
aAssociations with heat stress, poor overall health, and psychological distress each expressed as crude odds ratios (ORs).
bJob type analysis is restricted to 24,907 respondents (see Section ‘Methods’).
* P <0.05;
** P <0.001.