. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Youth Adolesc. 2010 Mar 30;39(6):670–682. doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9526-5

Table 1.

Parameter estimates for growth models for family, school, and peer variables in early and late adolescence

	Positive family relationship		School bonding		Academic achievement		Negative peer behavior
	Grades 5–8	Grades 9–12	Grades 5–8	Grades 9–12	Grades 5–8	Grades 9–12	Grades 5–8	Grades 9–12
Level
Mean	3.56^* (.014)	3.102^* (0.014)	3.268^* (0.014)	3.118^* (0.014)	3.099^* (0.040)	2.702^* (0.037)	1.363^* (0.016)	2.172^* (0.030)
Variance	0.137^* (0.009)	0.125^* (0.008)	0.123^* (0.010)	0.103^* (0.010)	1.179^* (0.107)	0.747^* (0.054)	0.109^* (0.013)	0.701^* (0.041)
Change
Mean	–0.097^* (.005)	0.005 (0.005)	–0.097^* (0.006)	–0.023^* (0.006)	–0.007 (0.014)	0.064^* (0.014)	0.205^* (0.011)	0.068^* (0.009)
Variance	0.012^* (0.001)	0.006^* (0.001)	0.017^* (0.002)	0.006^* (0.002)	0.052^* (0.015)	0.040^* (0.008)	0.050^* (0.006)	0.030^* (0.004)
Covariance between level and change	–0.013^* (0.003)	–0.006^* (0.002)	–0.018^* (0.004)	–0.001 (0.003)	–0.071^* (0.033)	–0.094^* (0.017)	0.001 (0.007)	–0.071^* (0.011)
Chi-square	8.61	61.50^*	11.93^*	43.99^*	15.54^*	6.73	72.96^*	41.33^*
Df	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
TLI	0.997	0.969	0.990	0.957	0.993	1.000	0.896	0.979
RMSEA	0.027	0.109	0.038	0.091	0.046	0.019	0.119	0.088

Standard errors are in parentheses

Df model degrees of freedom, TLI Tucker lewis index, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation

p < .05