Table 1. Polistes metricus putative genes quantified in this study, their full name and/or putative function, and the contig/read number.

P. metricus putative gene	Full name and/or putative function	contig/read	D	Q/W	A.m. behavior
PmAcCoAS	Acetyl coA synthetase	Contig41318
PmCG11971-like	CG11971-like, nucleic acid and Zn binding	Contig21820			[45]
PmCG5237-like	PmCG5237-like, Zn ion binding	Contig44641
PmCG9005-like	PmCG9005-like, no known function in Drosophila	Contig4643			[45]
Pm chymotrypsin precursor	chymotrypsin precursor	Contig33054		[72]
PmClock	Clock, circadian activity	Contig27898
PmeELF-1a	Translation elongation factor 1a	Contig44948
PmEfl21	Essential for life 21, embryonic development	Contig46745
Pmendopep	Endopeptidase inhibitor	Contig32095			[45]
PmFAS	Fatty acid synthase	Contig43529		[83]
Pmfax	Failed axon connections, axonogenesis	Contig42680			[45]
Pmg5sd	Glutathione 5 S transferase	Contig34111			[45]
PmHex70b (a)	Hexamerin 70b	Contig40833	[68]	[46]
PmHex70b (b)	Hexamerin 70b	Contig45913	[68]	[46] , [72], [73]
PmHsp1alpha	Heat shock protein 1 alpha	Contig46714	[63], [66]
PmHSC70	Heat shock cognate 70	Contig46725	[65]	[84]
PmHsp90	Heat shock protein 90	Contig45687	[63]
PmHSP90alpha	Heat shock protein 90 alpha	Contig44208	[63]
PmILP2	Insulin-like peptide 2	Contig16852		[47]	[44]
PmInos	Inositol 3 phosphate synthase	285736 3178 0687			[45]
PmInR1	insulin receptor 1	203959 4018 1073		[48]	[44]
PmInR2	insulin receptor 2	Contig16872		[48]	[44]
PmIRS	insulin receptor substrate	Contig18215		[48]
Pmmcp	monocarboxylate porter, carbohydrate transport	168197 3721 2905			[45]
Pmoxidoreductase	CG6910-like oxidoreductase	Contig39053		[46]	[45]
PmPCNA	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Contig39238	[62], [85]
PmPi3K	phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase	Contig15991	[69]		[45]
PmRfaBp	retetinoid/fatty acid binding protein	Contig46778		[84]	[45]
PmAPO	apolipoprotein	Contig46673		[73]
PmSh3Beta	Sh3Beta, no known function in Drosophila	Contig40061			[45]
PmSPARC	SPARC, cell adhesion, mesoderm development	Contig15503			[45]
PmTctp	translationally controlled tumor protein	Contig45632			[45]
Pmtif2B	translation initiation factor 2B	Contig26018			[45]
PmTor	target of rapamycin, growth and response to nutrients	Contig27724		[49]
PmTPX1	thioredoxin peroxidase 1	Contig46225		[72]
PmTPX3	thioredoxin peroxidase 3	Contig43747		[72]
Pmtungus	tungus, Memory formation	Contig45573			[45]
Pmusp	ultraspiriracle, juvenile hormone binding	Contig37120	[68]
PmVg1	vitellogenin 1, egg yolk protein	Contig46807		[73]	[59]

Polistes metricus putative genes quantified in this study together with their full name and/or putative function and the contig/read number for each gene based on the assembly of data from the P. metricus EST data set as presented in [33]. Columns ‘D’ and ‘Q/W’ give reference sources. D  =  diapause-related in various insects, Q/W  =  queen/worker caste-related in highly eusocial Hymenoptera. Column ‘A.m. behavior’ gives literature sources for genes known to be expressed differently in correlation with adult behaviors of nest workers vs. foragers of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Genes without literature citations were non-candidate genes for which primers were readily available. Cases with references for a single gene in either/or columns ‘D’ and ‘QW’ that are also the ‘A.m. behavior’ column are described in the discussion. Boldface type identifies the sixteen genes significantly differently expressed between foundress-reared (putative worker-destined) and worker-reared (putative gyne-destined) larvae (see also Figure 1) and the categories in which those significant differences occur.