The total noise 𝒩in + 𝒩ex as a function of K in the repressor case. We used the following set of parameters: h = 3, xH = 0.2 µM, τx = 1 min, τy = 1 min, σx2 = 96. We compute the noise per molecule based on the concentrations given above and a volume of V = 8 × 10−16 l (solid line, xL = 3 µM; long-dashed line, xL = 4 µM; short-dashed line, xL = 5 µM; dotted line, xL = 6 µM).