Table 2.
Originations and extinctions of lineages leading to orders using minimum first/last appearance dates. The phylogeny-based originations correspond to figure 3. (Note, there is a difference between extinctions (i.e. last appearances) and first absences. For example, at the end of the Permian, in a phylogenetic context, 33 orders are recorded as existing immediately prior to the extinction. This includes those five orders that go extinct. They have to have existed at this time point in order to go extinct. Their absence is first noted in the first stage of the Triassic by the richness curve in figure 3.)
| date (Ma) | originations (phylogeny-based) | originations (fossil-based) | extinctions (i.e. last appearances) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 390.4 | Collembola, Protura | Collembola | |
| 322.8 | Archaeognatha, Diplura, Ephemeroptera, Geroptera, Palaeodictyoptera, Zygentoma | Geroptera, Palaeodictyoptera | |
| 320.6 | Odonata, Protodonata | Protodonata | |
| 311.3 | Caloneurodea, Diaphanopterodea, Dicliptera, Glosselytrodea, Hymenoptera, Megasecoptera, Miomoptera, Zoraptera | Caloneurodea, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera, Miomoptera | Geroptera |
| 305 | Ephemeroptera | ||
| 303 | Diplura | ||
| 290 | Grylloblattodea, Hemiptera, Mantophasmatodea, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Phthiraptera, Psocoptera, Titanoptera | Archaeognatha, Grylloblattodea, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Psocoptera | |
| 281.5 | Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Embiodea, Lophioneurida, Plecoptera, Protelytroptera, Protoperlaria, Thysanoptera | Coleoptera, Glosselytrodea, Lophioneurida, Odonata, Protelytroptera, Protoperlaria, Thysanoptera | |
| 256.1 | Neuroptera | Dicliptera, Neuroptera, Plecoptera | Dicliptera |
| 255 | Megaloptera, Raphidioptera | Megaloptera, Raphidioptera | |
| 245 (end-Permian) | Mecoptera, Siphonaptera | Mecoptera | Caloneurodea, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera, Palaeodictyoptera, Protelytroptera |
| 241.1 | Diptera, Strepsiptera | Diptera, Phasmatodea, Titanoptera | |
| 223.4 | Lepidoptera, Trichoptera | Hymenoptera, Trichoptera | |
| 208 (end-Triassic) | Miomoptera, Protodonata, Protoperlaria, Titanoptera | ||
| 194.5 | Dermaptera, Lepidoptera | ||
| 145 | Glosselytrodea | ||
| 140.7 | Blattaria, Isoptera, Mantodea | Blattaria, Isoptera, Mantodea | |
| 112 | Siphonaptera | ||
| 90.4 | Zygentoma | ||
| 65 | Zoraptera | Lophioneurida | |
| 50 | Strepsiptera | ||
| 35.4 | Embiodea, Phthiraptera | ||
| 23.3 | Mantophasmatodea | ||
| 0 | Protura |