Figure 1.
Overview of the dynamically constrained two-box model. (a) Polar and equatorial regions in a planetary hemisphere, each of surface area πR2, and separated by a boundary at 30° latitude. A surface wind of speed U blows from pole to equator on a bearing θ through an effective thickness H of the atmosphere. The circulation is completed by a compensating high-altitude wind from equator to pole. (b) Schematic of the model. Dashed arrows—radiative energy fluxes, solid arrows—atmospheric energy fluxes, dotted arrows—atmospheric circulation in a single Hadley cell.