Table 2.

List of parameters in the model, with approximate numerical values for Earth, Mars, Titan and Venus. Numerical values for albedo , gravity , radius , solar constant S₀ and rotation rate Ω were obtained from online databases. Other parameters were derived as follows: from equation (2.4), ε chosen to make T₀ from equation (2.5) agree with online data, and from equation (2.6). Estimates of surface pressure and surface density were also obtained from online databases, allowing the scale height to be estimated from the formula for an isothermal atmosphere . Volumetric heat capacity was estimated from the formula for a diatomic ideal gas . The dimensionless parameters ξ, η, ω and ζ were calculated using equations (3.1) and (3.2).

symbol	Earth	Titan	Mars	Venus	Units
a	0.3	0.21	0.15	0.65	—
g	9.81	1.35	3.69	8.87	m s−2
R	6.3 × 106	2.6 × 106	3.4 × 106	6.1 × 106	m
S0	1340	14.73	577	2561	W m−2
Ω	7.27 × 10−5	4.56 × 10−6	7.09 × 10−5	2.99 × 10−7	s−1
	102.2	1.268	53.5	97.7	W m−2
T0	301.6	100.7	256.4	792.9	K
ε	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.001	—
A	−703.5	−8.728	−367.838	−672.263	W m−2
B	3.11	0.116	1.912	1.130	W m−2 K−1
H	7981	18 641	15 913	23 233	m
ρc	1262	5705	13.3	4.37 × 104	J m−3 K−1
ξ	232.7	90 774	12.789	108 079	—
η	2.19 × 10−3	0.0124	8.11 × 10−3	6.60 × 10−3	—
ω	1.01	0.046	0.615	0.002	—
ζ	2.44	1.05	1.79	1.002	—