Table 2.

Change during treatment

	N	Mean (SD)	t, p-value	Adjusted p-value (Hommel Method)	Cohen's d Effect size
Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale	28	−11.7 (6.5)	−9.60, <0.001	<0.001	1.81
McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form	28	−6.0 (7.9)	−4.03, < 0.001	<0.003	0.76
Brief symptom inventory—anxiety subscale	22	−0.5 (0.8)	−2.93, 0.008	0.032	0.63
Roland Morris Back Pain Questionnaire	28	−1.8 (4.6)	−2.01, 0.05	0.16	0.38
SF36 physical component subscale	28	0.6 (6.4)	0.50, 0.62	0.62	0.10
SF-36 mental component subscale	28	13.8 (13.0)	5.63, < 0.001	<0.001	1.06
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	28	−3.3 (3.4)	−5.05, < 0.001	<0.001	0.95
UKU side effects scale total score (somatic complaints)	27	−2.5 (4.6)	−2.80, < 0.01	0.038	0.54
Chronic pain self-efficacy scale
Total self-efficacy score	26	10.8 (13.2)	4.21, < 0.001	0.002	0.83
Self-efficacy for pain management	26	16.2 (20.7)	3.97, < 0.001	0.003	0.78
Self-efficacy for physical function	26	5.4 (20.9)	1.31, 0.20	0.40	0.26
Self-efficacy for coping with symptoms	26	13.7 (13.5)	5.19, < 0.001	<0.001	1.02