Table 1.

Differences^a in the substance use profiles as well as in physiological, personality, and motivational measures of arousal between students mandated following a minor or serious substance use-related incident

	Minor Infractions	Serious Infractions	Effect Sizeb
Substance Use in 30 days prior to mandated invention program
Quantity c	3.48 (2.76)	2.81 (3.20)	−.24 S
Frequency d	0.54 (0.34)	0.52 (0.49)	−.05
Largest Quantity e	5.83 (4.37)	5.31 (4.08)	−.12
Substance Use in 30 days prior to experiment (approximately 2 years post-intervention)
Quantity c	5.10 (3.38)	3.77 (2.58)	−.39 S
Frequency d	0.81 (0.38)	0.76 (0.56)	−.15
Largest Quantity e	7.80 (4.52)	5.15 (3.72)	−.59 M
Reactivity to Neutral Picture Cues
0.1Hz HRV f, g	1.44 (1.27)	0.70 (1.17)*	−.59 M
High Frequency HRV f, g	−0.24 (0.50)	−0.25 (0.38)	−.02
Heart Rate g	1.82 (2.73)	2.28 (2.42)	.17
Arousal Rating h	2.46 (0.98)	3.20 (0.92)*	.76 M
Reactivity to Positive Picture Cues
0.1Hz HRV f, g	1.49 (1.25)	0.49 (0.90)*	−.80 L
High Frequency HRV f, g	−0.11 (0.50)	−0.39 (0.48)*	−.55 M
Heart Rate g	1.36 (3.54)	1.76 (2.69)	.11
Arousal Rating h	4.68 (1.30)	4.83 (1.21)	.11
Reactivity to Negative Picture Cues
0.1Hz HRV f, g	1.82 (1.30)	1.15 (0.94)	−.51 M
High Frequency HRV f, g	−0.17 (0.41)	−0.20 (0.61)	−.06
Heart Rate g	0.95 (2.63)	0.61 (2.89)	−.13
Arousal Rating h	6.29 (1.19)	6.68 (1.09)	.33 S
Sensation Seeking
Experience seeking (range 0 – 10)	4.97 (2.29)	6.15 (1.29)*	.52 M
Thrill/adventure seeking (range 0 – 10)	6.23 (3.06)	8.31 (2.23)*	.68 M
Disinhibition (range 0 – 10)	4.90 (2.17)	5.31 (1.54)	.19
Reasons for Drinking
Social Facilitation (range 0 – 16)	7.60 (1.80)	6.54 (1.99)	−.59 M
Disinhibition (range 0 – 16)	2.73 (2.26)	1.77 (2.45)	−.43 M
Suppression (range 0 – 26)	3.03 (2.63)	4.46 (4.65)	.54 M

^apresented as unadjusted means (SD). Statistical comparisons were made using gender and race as covariates, effect sizes were calculated from unadjusted means;

^beffect sizes were measured as the difference in means divided by the SD of the minor infraction group. S = small, M = medium, L = large;

^ctypical number of drinks in a day,

^drepresented as log-transformed frequency of drinking per week (e.g., 0.5 = 1–2 times per week, 0.75 = 2–3 times per week);

^elargest number of drinks consumed in a day;

^flog transformed;

^grepresented as the change from baseline;

^hrated on a 9-point Likert scale.

HRV = heart rate variability;

^*p < .05