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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2010 Apr 9;402(1):135–148. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.009

Figure 4. CCR5 upregulation on CD4+ lymphocytes increases the proportion of R5X4 infection mediated by CCR5.

Figure 4

CD4+ lymphocytes were CD3/CD28 costimulated for three days and then infected with HIV-1 luciferase pseudotype viruses (A) or cultured with IL-2 for 10 additional days to upregulate CCR5 expression prior to infection (B). Infections were carried out with or without AMD3100, M657 or both antagonists to block CXCR4 and/or CCR5. Four days later, infection was determined by luciferase activity in cell lysates. Entry was normalized as a percentage of the RLUs seen in the absence of coreceptor blockers for each virus. Data are means +/- SEM of three experiments using lymphocytes from different donors, each done in duplicate