SA-4-1BBL conjugate vaccine has robust efficacy in TC-1 therapeutic tumor model. A, immunization with SA-4-1BBL conjugate vaccine demonstrates potent efficacy in eradicating established TC-1 tumors. C57BL/6 mice were challenged with live TC-1 cells and vaccinated once s.c. on day 6 post-tumor challenge with E7 (10 μg) conjugated or nonconjugated with SA-4-1BBL (25 μg) or an equimolar quantity of SA (10 μg). ** P < 0.001 for conjugated SA-4-1BBL-E7 vs. all other groups. Long-term surviving animals develop E7-specific CD8+ T-cell effector and memory pool (B) as determined by in vivo killing response (n = 3, * P < 0.05 vs. naïve control), (C) increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell intracellular IFN-γ and IL-2 expression (n = 3, * P < 0.05 vs. naïve control), and (D) increased percentages of total memory CD44hiCD43-CD8+ T cells (n = 3, * P < 0.05 vs. each other and naïve control), and effector memory CD44hiCD62LlowCD4+ T cells (n = 3, * P < 0.05 vs. naïve control). Data for (B-D) are representative of two independent experiments.