In vivo noninvasive PA images of nanoshell extravasation in a tumor. (A) Control image before the injection of nanoshells. (B), (C), and (D) PA images of accumulation of nanoshells at 1.4, 3, and 5.8 h post-injection, respectively. (E) Averaged PA signals as a function of time. Line with circles: vessel regions; dashed line with squares: tumor foci. (Reprinted with permission from ref 105. Copyright 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.)