Fig. 1.

(A) ESR changes with red ginseng extracts. Electron spin resonance (JOEL, Tokyo, Japan) was performed using DMPO as adductor to visualize hydroxyl radicals in the presence of 0.01 mg Korea red ginseng extracts. As the doses of Korea red ginseng extracts were increased, scavenging action was observed more than 0.01 mg of red ginseng extracts, suggesting the antioxidative action of Korea red ginseng. (B) Confocal imaging of 8-OHdG in gastric mucosal cells. In non-stimulated state, 8-OHdG was mostly observed scattered in cytoplasm, whereas in the presence of H. pylori infection, the expressions of 8-OHdG were increased in either cytoplasm or nucleus, suggesting that 8-OHdG might reflect oxidative stress after H. pylori infection. Korea red ginseng was very effective in mitigating the 8-OHdG levels even after H. pylori infection.