Table 4.

Selected studies on hospitalizations among patients with heart failure.

Author	N	Year	Readmission	Readmission for heart failure	Data source	Definition criteria	Temporal trends
McDermott [132]	612	1987–93		13% at 6 months	Hospital in Chicago	Dismissal diagnosis	No change
Krumholz [7, 133]	17,448	1991–94	44% at 6 months	---	Medicare files	DRG 127	---
Philbin EF [134]	2906	1995–97	43% at 6 months	---	Hospitals in New York	Admission and dismissal diagnoses	---
Cowie MR [135]	332	1996–97	59% at 19 months	---	Population-based in Scotland	European Society of Cardiology	---
Babayan [136]	493	1996–97	57% at 1 year	20% at 1 year	Johns Hopkins Hospital	DRG 127	---
Smith [137]	413	1996–98	46% at 6 months	19% at 6 months	New Haven hospital	Clinical	---
Baker [138]	22,203	1991–97	11% at 30 days	---	Medicare	ICD 9 codes	Increase over time
Lee WY [139]	1700	1999–2000	148 per 100 person-years	40 per 100 person-years	EPOCH Kaiser	Framingham	----
Lee DS [140]	77,421	1992–2002	---	27% at 1 year	Administrative database in Ontario	ICD 9 code 428	4 %/year decrease in 1 year
Badano [141]	179	1999–2000	48% at 6 months	---	Hospitals in Italy	Clinical	---
Rodriguez-Artalejo [142]	394	2000–2001	35% at 6 months	---	Hospitals in Spain	European Society of Cardiology	---