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. 2010 Mar 29;107(15):7078–7082. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0911396107

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Fig. 1. — GRFs on individual Asian elephant limbs, normalized to body weight in Newtons (BW), for normal walking (A) and running (B) at dimensionless speeds [= v (g l)^−0.5, where v is velocity in ms⁻¹, g = 9.81 s⁻², and l is hip height] of 0.30–0.35 and 0.75–1.3 (n = 6 individuals, 48 strides) and velocities of ~1.2 and 2.9–4.8 ms⁻¹, respectively. GRF traces begin with hindlimb contact (compare Fig. 4) and are for the horizontal (F_x: positive, propulsive; open purple squares, forelimb; blue circles, hindlimb) and vertical (F_y: light-green diamonds, forelimb; dark-green triangles, hindlimb) components. See also Figs. S1 and S2.

Inline graphic — GRFs on individual Asian elephant limbs, normalized to body weight in Newtons (BW), for normal walking (A) and running (B) at dimensionless speeds [= v (g l)^−0.5, where v is velocity in ms⁻¹, g = 9.81 s⁻², and l is hip height] of 0.30–0.35 and 0.75–1.3 (n = 6 individuals, 48 strides) and velocities of ~1.2 and 2.9–4.8 ms⁻¹, respectively. GRF traces begin with hindlimb contact (compare Fig. 4) and are for the horizontal (F_x: positive, propulsive; open purple squares, forelimb; blue circles, hindlimb) and vertical (F_y: light-green diamonds, forelimb; dark-green triangles, hindlimb) components. See also Figs. S1 and S2.