Fig. 4.

Individual limb power measurements (mean, normalized to W kg⁻¹ body mass) for normal walking (dimensionless speed 0.30–0.35) in Asian elephants (n = 30 strides). Horizontal (A) and vertical (B) components are shown, followed by the total mechanical power (C). Forelimb traces are represented by solid red (right forelimb) and dashed-dotted purple (left forelimb) lines, hindlimb traces are represented by dashed dark-blue (right hindlimb) and finely dashed light-blue (left hindlimb) lines, and CoM power traces (component or total) are represented by thick black lines. See Fig. S4 for data on work patterns and Fig. S5 for data on running.