Figure 3. DENV-infected cells are less able to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria in co-culture.

Eight 10-fold dilutions of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria were inoculated into the cell culture medium in 96-well plates containing DENV- or mock-infected Aag2 cells, or cell culture medium alone. The graphs show OD595 as a measure of bacterial growth after a 12-h incubation at 28°C for (A) E. coli, (B) S. aureus, and (C) M. luteus. * represents p<0.05 in a Student's t-test comparing OD595 of bacteria incubated with DENV- and mock-infected cells. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean; note that in many cases the error bars are obscured by the data point.