Table 1.
Pulmonary hypoplasia |
Malrotation or incomplete rotation of bowel |
Patent ductus arteriosus |
Patent foramen ovale |
Heart ‘hypoplasia’ and/or dextroposition |
Tricuspid or mitral valve regurgitation |
Undescended testes |
Accessory spleen |
CDH, congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Anomalies that are due to the hemodynamic or mechanical consequences of CDH; therefore, they are part of a CDH sequence rather than independent malformations. Their presence, in and among themselves, does not preclude classifying a case as having isolated CDH.