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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 19.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2009 Oct 23;23(16):2183–2190. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328331d384

Table 2.

Standardized incidence ratios for cancer in HIV/AIDS in Australia, by calendar period.

Cancer sitea 1982–1995 (Pre-HAART)
 1996–1999 (Early-HAART)
 2000–2004 (late-HAART)
Obs SIR 95% CI Obs SIR 95% CI Obs SIR 95% CI
Infection-related
 KS (HHV-8) 678 38 239 35 415–41 229 158 9970 8476–11 651 93 2701 2180–3309
 NHL (EBV) 370 75.71 68.19–83.83 170 36.88 31.51–42.86 121 12.65 10.49–15.11
  DLBL 160 107.33 91.35–125.31 96 68.32 55.34–83.43 69 26.23 20.41–33.19
  Burkitt lymphoma 9 142.38 65.11–270.28 8 131.01 56.56–258.14 15 67.63 37.85–111.54
  Other 169 50.70 43.35–58.95 104 33.09 27.03–40.09 84 12.51 9.98–15.48
  CNS lymphoma 11 302.71 151.11–541.64 11 229.66 114.65–410.93 16 99.97 57.14–162.35
 Hodgkin lymphoma (EBV) 16 7.99 4.57–12.98 18 17.27 10.24–27.30 11 7.37 3.68–13.18
 Anus (HPV) 13 42.24 22.49–72.23 9 36.41 16.65–69.12 19 32.11 19.33–50.14
 Oral cavity, oropharynx (HPV) 5 1.89 0.61–4.41 10 1.58 0.76–2.91 7 1.65 0.66–3.39
 Liver (HBV/HCV) 0 – 0.00–4.01 4 4.78 1.30–12.24 7 2.96 1.19–6.10
Other cancers increased in incidence in immunodeficient populations
 Lip 9 2.22 1.02–4.21 5 2.07 0.67–4.82 4 1.08 0.29–2.77
 Lung 14 1.47 0.80–2.46 8 1.24 0.54–2.45 15 1.10 0.62–1.82
 Melanoma 27 1.09 0.72–1.58 11 0.72 0.36–1.29 15 0.54 0.30–0.89
 Leukaemia 9 3.53 1.61–6.70 4 2.06 0.56–5.27 9 1.91 0.87–3.62
Cancers not increased in incidence in immunodeficient populations
 Colorectal 6 0.44 0.16–0.96 3 0.31 0.06–0.89 8 0.38 0.16–0.75
 Prostate 10 1.19 0.57–2.18 6 0.63 0.23–1.38 8 0.27 0.11–0.52

Note: Calculated for cancers with at least 10 cases in total after HAART, with the exception of lip cancer. Analyses for KS and NHL based on cohort with known dates of HIV diagnosis (n = 17 175); analyses for all other cancers based on full cohort (n = 20 232). SIRs adjusted for survival in patients with retrospectively defined date of HIV diagnosis. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; Exp, expected; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HHV-8, human herpesvirus 8; HPV, human papillomavirus; KS, Kaposi sarcoma; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Obs, observed; SIR, standardized incidence ratio.

a

ICD10/O-3 codes: KS 9140, 8000 if KS on AIDS Registry; NHL 9591, 9596, 9670–9729, 9820–9837, 9940, 9948 and 9590 if ICD10 C82-C85; DLBL 9680, 9684, 9678, 9679; Burkitt 9687, 9826; CNS lymphoma, NHL with C70-C72 topography; Hodgkin lymphoma 9650–9667; anus C21; oral cavity, oropharynx C01–C10, excl. C07–C08; liver C22; lip C00; melanoma C43; leukaemia 9800–9989, excl. 9820–9837, 9940, 9948; trachea, bronchus and lung C33–34; colorectal C18 –C20; prostate C61.