Figure 3.

CSE and LPS induce p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation. Serum deprived BTSM cells were treated with CSE (15%) or LPS (1 μg/ml) up to 2 h. Cell lysates were obtained and analyzed by immunoblotting for phospho-p38 MAP kinase (Thr¹⁸⁰/Tyr¹⁸²) and total p38 MAP kinase to correct for differences in protein loading. Immunoblots were quantified using densitometry and the abundance of CSE- or LPS-induced p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation was normalized to the maximal response in each individual experiment. Representative blots are shown. Data represent means ± S.E.M. of 4-5 experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ^#P < 0.1 vs control at t = 0