Table 3.
Relative indices of inequality (RII) for education and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for lung cancer among all men and by birth cohort. EPIC cohort.
| N1 | RII | 95% CI | p for decrease in RII4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All men (N=703) | ||||
| Crude model | 3.01 | 2.21–4.09 | ||
| Reference model2 | 1.87 | 1.36–2.56 | ||
| + exposure to asbestos3 | 187 | 1.76 | 1.28–2.41 | 0.01 |
| + exposure to heavy metals 3 | 203 | 1.83 | 1.33–2.50 | 0.13 |
| + exposure to PAH3 | 146 | 1.84 | 1.34–2.53 | 0.55 |
| + exposure to asbestos, heavy metals, and PAH3 | 359 | 1.75 | 1.27–2.41 | 0.05 |
| Men born before or in 1941 (N=551) | ||||
| Crude model | 3.58 | 2.50–5.13 | ||
| Reference model2 | 2.33 | 1.61–3.36 | ||
| + exposure to asbestos3 | 144 | 2.22 | 1.53–3.21 | 0.05 |
| + exposure to heavy metals3 | 162 | 2.25 | 1.56–3.25 | 0.08 |
| + exposure to PAH3 | 117 | 2.25 | 1.55–3.26 | 0.34 |
| + exposure to asbestos, heavy metals, and PAH3 | 287 | 2.14 | 1.47–3.12 | 0.03 |
| Men born after 1941 (N=152) | ||||
| Crude model | 1.68 | 0.91–3.13 | ||
| Reference model2 | 0.94 | 0.50–1.77 | ||
| + exposure to asbestos3 | 43 | 0.81 | 0.42–1.54 | 0.04 |
| + exposure to heavy metals3 | 41 | 0.93 | 0.49–1.76 | 0.72 |
| + exposure to PAH3 | 29 | 0.97 | 0.51–1.85 | 0.61 |
| + exposure to asbestos, heavy metals, and PAH3 | 72 | 0.88 | 0.46–1.69 | 0.46 |
All models are stratified on centre and age at baseline (in 1 year age categories).
Number of cases exposed to the carcinogen
The reference model includes smoking status (never smoker (reference category), current smoker, former smoker), age at starting (continuous, for ever smoker), duration of smoking (continuous, for ever smoker), current quantity (continuous, among current smokers), a quadratic term for current quantity, two interaction terms (quantity*duration and age at starting*duration), a dummy variable for missing variables for current quantity, fruits and vegetables consumption (continuous variable, per 100g) and an interaction term between smoking status and fruits and vegetables consumption.
Occupational exposures are coded into four categories: never exposed, exposed during in one job, exposed in two jobs, exposed in three jobs or more.
p-value for test for decrease in RII after adjustment for occupational exposures when compared with RII from the reference model