Table 4.

Hazard ratios (HR) for education and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer among all men and by birth cohort. EPIC cohort.

	University or vocational post-secondary education	Other secondary education	Vocational secondary education	Primary education or less
All men
Crude model	1	1.44 (1.01–2.06)	1.79 (1.38–2.33)	2.31 (1.81–2.95)
Reference model	1	1.18 (0.83–1.70)	1.39 (1.07–1.81)	1.60 (1.25–2.05)
Reference model + all occupational exposures	1	1.19 (0.83–1.70)	1.36 (1.04–1.77)	1.53 (1.20–1.97)
Men born before or in 1941
Crude model	1	1.10 (0.69–1.76)	1.88 (1.38–2.57)	2.47 (1.85–3.29)
Reference model	1	0.95 (0.59–1.51)	1.51 (1.10–2.06)	1.78 (1.33–2.37)
Reference model + all occupational exposures	1	0.96 (0.60–1.53)	1.46 (1.06–2.00)	1.69 (1.26–2.26)
Men born after 1941
Crude model	1	2.20 (1.24–3.90)	1.57 (0.96–2.57)	1.76 (1.09–2.84)
Reference model	1	1.60 (0.90–2.85)	1.13 (0.69–1.85)	1.13 (0.70–1.82)
Reference model + all occupational exposures	1	1.59 (0.89–2.83)	1.11 (0.67–1.84)	1.07 (0.65–1.76)