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. 1998 Dec 5;317(7172):1564–1567. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7172.1564

Table 2.

Odds ratios for consultation for low back pain for 540 respondents*

Factor Odds ratio (95% CI) P value
Predisposing factors
Not employed 2.3 (1.4 to 3.9)  0.002
Need factors
Diagnosed low back pain 3.1 (2.0 to 4.9) <0.001
Pain started <1 year ago 2.8 (1.4 to 5.6)  0.005
Chronicity:
 Acute (⩽2 weeks) 1.0
 Subacute (>2 weeks) 3.7 (2.1 to 6.5) <0.001
 Chronic (>3 months) 4.0 (2.3 to 6.7) <0.001
Worst pain score >median 2.0 (1.3 to 3.1)  0.003
Psychosocial factors
External locus of control for pain management 3.6 (2.1 to 6.0) <0.001
*

Age group and sex not significant.