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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 14.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2010 May 14;141(4):692–703. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.037

Figure 3. Partial purification of the behavior-inducing kairomone from rat urine by size exclusion fractionation.

Figure 3

Size exclusion fractionation of whole male rat urine through an ultrafiltration column yields LMW fraction (molecules smaller than 10kDa), which lacks kairomone activity, and HMW fraction (larger than 10kDa) containing defense promoting bioactivity. (A) Mouse avoidance and risk assessment behavior-inducing activity in rat urine is present in the HMW fraction. (B) HMW fraction induces cFos activity in the AOB. (C) Quantification of cFos positive nuclei in the granule and mitral cell layers of the AOB. White bars = aAOB, black bars = pAOB. Note that the pAOB is almost exclusively activated by HMW fraction, while the LMW fraction mostly activates the anterior AOB. n=8; *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer HSD post-hoc analysis. Mean ± SEM. Control odor is PBS-soaked gauze. See also Fig. S3.

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