Table 4.

Recombination, haplotype structure, and neutrality tests based on haplotype frequency distributions

	R M per informative sitea	ρ/bpb	Haplotype number (K)	Haplotype diversity (Hd)	Tajima’s D	Fay and Wu’s H
P. glauca
KN1	0.18	0.0049	63†	0.95	−1.05	−4.19
KN2	0.20	0.0034	123†	0.99†	−0.69	−2.49
KN3	0.11	0.0228	53	0.93**	−1.15*	−4.70
KN4	0.17	0.0046	103†	0.97	−0.70	−1.81
HB-3	0.12	0.0017	47	0.92	−0.83	−2.80
P. mariana
KN1	0.09	0.0064	30†	0.97	−1.18	−4.83
KN2	0.10	0.0034	33†	0.97	−0.63	1.43
KN3	0.13	0.0252	27	0.96	−0.44	−0.97
KN4	0.18	0.0386	43	0.99	−0.95**	−3.41
HB-3	0.08	0.0005	22	0.78***	−1.32	−4.84
P. abies
KN1	0.15	0.0266	25**	0.90***	−1.64***	−6.28
KN2	0.14	0.0169	36	0.99	−1.14**	−8.50*
KN3	0.04	0.0467	22***	0.79***	−2.28***	−3.13
KN4	0.16	0.0251	37	0.99	−0.40	−5.96
HB-3	0.10	0.0024	31	0.98	−2.08***	−6.85

^a R _M is the minimum number of recombination events (Hudson and Kaplan 1985) divided by the number of informative sites

^bρ is the maximum-likelihood estimator of the recombination parameter based on independent linked pairs of sites (Hudson 2001)

* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 that observed values are lower than expected based on 1,000 coalescent simulations using the DnaSP program

^† P < 0.05 that observed values are higher than expected based on 1,000 coalescent simulations using the DnaSP program