Table 2.

Predictors of time to HAART initiation among 582 HAART eligible IDUs in the ALIVE cohort, 1996–2007.^*

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
Characteristic	TR	95% CI	TR	95% CI
Calendar year of HAART eligibility
1996–1998	1		1
1999–2002	1.18	1.04 – 1.32	1.08	0.95 – 1.24
2003–2007	1.02	0.79 – 1.31	0.97	0.71 – 1.31
Age (per 10 years)	0.82	0.62 – 1.08
Female gender	1.01	0.90 – 1.14
African American	0.98	0.73 – 1.31
≥High school education	0.94	0.86 – 1.04
Annual income <$5000†	1.16	0.99 – 1.34
Employed†	1.00	0.87 – 1.16
Homeless†	1.19	1.01 – 1.41
Incarcerated†	1.23	1.04 – 1.45
Any alcohol use†	1.17	0.98 – 1.38
Injection drug use†
None	1		1
<Daily	1.15	0.94 – 1.40	1.04	0.95–1.15
≥ Daily	1.61	1.01 – 2.55	1.29	1.02–1.62
Any non-injection drug use†	1.20	0.99 – 1.46
Type of drug injected†	1
None	1.29	0.99 – 1.67
Cocaine alone	1.05	0.82 – 1.35
Heroin alone	1.26	1.02 – 1.57
Cocaine and Heroin
Any cocaine use†	1.21	1.02 – 1.45
Crack use†	1.09	0.94 – 1.27
Methadone maintenance†	0.77	0.60 – 0.98
≥ 2 HIV-related symptoms‡	0.79	0.65 – 0.96
CD4 cell count (per 100 cell decrease)‡	0.93	0.87 – 0.98	0.94	0.88 – 0.99
Prior AIDS diagnosis	0.62	0.41 – 0.94	0.75	0.56 – 0.96
Prior ART	0.84	0.75 – 0.94
Usual source of care†	0.60	0.40 – 0.89	0.74	0.58 – 0.96
Health insurance†	0.68	0.53 – 0.88	0.80	0.66 – 0.97
Recruitment cohort
1988–89	1
1994–95	1.16	0.97 – 1.38
1998	0.90	0.71 – 1.13

^*Estimates are from lognormal survival models and reflect relative increases (TR >1.0) or decreases (TR <1.0) in time to HAART initiation; TR, time ratio; CI, confidence interval

^†Reflects characteristics/behaviors in the prior six months

^‡CD4 cell count was lagged one visit