Table 1.

Molecular targets of apigenin in various human cancers

Cancers	Targets
Breast cancer	ErbB2, Bax, Bcl2, p450 CYP1, Caspases, p21, p53, Aromatase, VEGF, ERK, JNK, PI3-Akt COX-2, ERβ, CK2, PKC, MAPK, Cyclin D1 and HER2/neu
Cervical cancer	Bax, Bcl2, p53, p21, Fas/Apo-1 and Caspase3
Colon cancer	APC, ODC, TRAIL, COX-2, PGE-2, MMP, GST, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), p34 (cdc2) and p21
Hematologic cancer	Platelet aggregation, 20S, 26S, Bax and IkBα
Lung cancer	VEGF, Akt and p70S6K1
Ovarian cancer	Id1, VEGF, p70S6K1, HIF1 and FAK
Prostate cancer	FAK, Src, PTEN, IGF1R, IGFBP-3, IGF-1, GSK-3β, Akt, p21, p27, VEGF, NF-κB, CK2, IAPs, TRAIL, p53, Caspases, HIF1, FAK, β-Catenin, c-Myc, Cyclins, Cyclin-dependent kinases, MAPK, PI3-Akt, ERβ, AP-1, Bax, Bcl2 and 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase
Skin cancer	p21, COX-2 and PKC
Thyroid cancer	ERK, MAPK
Liver cancer	NF-κB, Akt and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk)
Adrenal cancer	Aromatase and cytochrome p450
Neuroblstoma	Bcl2, p53 and caspases

AP-1, Activator protein-1; APC, Adenomatous polyposis coli; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2; ErbB2, Erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2; ERβ, Estrogen receptor beta; ERK, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase; FAK, Focal Adhesion Kinase; GST, Glutathione S-transferases; Id1, Inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding protein 1; IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF1R, Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; IGFBP-3, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MMP, Matrix metalloproteinase; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; ODC, Ornithine decarboxylase; PKC, Protein Kinase C; PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homolog; Src, v-src sarcoma; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; UDP-glucuronosyltransferases VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor