Table 1.

Characteristics of women by whether they have reported taking any daily supplements in the first, second and third trimester, Leeds, UK, 2003–06

Characteristic Taking any daily supplements (n)	First trimester			Second trimester			Third trimester
	Yes (1043)	No (231)	P*	Yes (274)	No (1000)	P	Yes (139)	No (286)	P
Age of mother (years) (mean, 95% CI**)	30 (30, 31)	29 (28, 29)	<0.001	31 (31, 32)	30 (29, 30)	<0.001	31 (30, 32)	29 (28, 30)	<0.001
Prepregnancy weight (kg) (mean, 95% CI)	67 (66, 68)	66 (65, 68)	0.4	66 (65, 68)	68 (67, 68)	0.2	67 (64, 69)	68 (66, 70)	0.4
Total energy intake (kcal) (mean, 95% CI)	2148 (2103, 2193)	2019 (1921, 2117)	0.02	2167 (2075, 2258)	2113 (2068, 2158)	0.3	2095 (1983, 2205)	2214 (2118, 2311)	0.1
Smoker at 12 weeks (%, 95% CI)	16 (14, 18)	28 (21, 37)	<0.001	11 (7, 15)	19 (17, 22)	0.002	15 (10, 23)	24 (19, 29)	0.04
IMD*** worst quartile (%, 95% CI)	28 (25, 31)	41 (35, 48)	<0.001	21 (16, 26)	33 (30, 36)	<0.001	18 (12, 25)	34 (29, 40)	0.002
European origin (%, 95% CI)	94 (92, 95)	92 (88, 95)	0.9	95 (91, 97)	93 (91, 95)	0.5	96 (91, 98)	96 (93, 98)	0.8
University degree (%, 95% CI)	43 (40, 46)	20 (15, 25)	<0.001	54 (48, 60)	35 (32, 38)	<0.001	51 (43, 60)	31 (26, 37)	<0.001
Vegetarian (%, 95% CI)	9 (7, 11)	7 (4, 12)	0.08	16 (12, 21)	7 (5, 9)	<0.001	15 (10, 22)	5 (2, 9)	0.003
Primigravida (%, 95% CI)	47 (44, 50)	40 (34, 47)	0.04	55 (49, 61)	44 (41, 47)	0.002	53 (45, 62)	50 (44, 56)	0.5
History of long term illness (%, 95% CI)	13 (11, 15)	10 (6, 15)	0.1	13 (9, 18)	13 (11, 15)	0.9	15 (10, 22)	16 (12, 21)	0.7
Average alcohol consumption more than 0.5 units/day throughout pregnancy (%, 95% CI)	28 (25, 31)	20 (14, 27)	0.03	28 (23, 34)	27 (24, 30)	0.7	27 (19, 35)	25 (20,31)	0.09
Past history of miscarriage (%, 95% CI)	23 (21, 33)	27 (21, 33)	0.3	27 (22, 32)	23 (20, 26)	0.2	21 (14, 29)	23 (18, 28)	0.8

^*P-value using two-sample t test for continuous variables, chi-square test for categorical variables.

^**Confidence interval.

^***Index of multiple deprivation.