Table 3.
Multivariate survival analysis: Patient and provider characteristics associated with 1-year mortality after hip fracture
| Variables | N (%) | Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Female | 6,892 (70.2) | 1.000 | |
| Male | 2,925 (29.8) | 1.400 | (1.260-1.557) | |
| Age (years) | 50-59 | 576 (5.9) | 1.000 | |
| 60-69 | 2,135 (21.7) | 1.787 | (1.250-2.553) | |
| 70-79 | 3,772 (38.4) | 2.879 | (2.041-4.062) | |
| 80-89 | 2,923 (29.8) | 4.742 | (3.361-6.691) | |
| ≥ 90 | 411 (4.2) | 9.273 | (6.387-13.463) | |
| Residence | Seoul (Capital city) | 2,388 (24.3) | 1.000 | |
| Metropolitan city | 2,584 (26.3) | 1.291 | (1.120-1.488) | |
| Small city | 4,133 (42.1) | 1.214 | (1.058-1.392) | |
| Others (none-city area) | 712 (7.3) | 1.656 | (1.344-2.039) | |
| Health insurance |
National Health Insurance program | 8,514 (86.7) | 1.000 | |
| National Medical Aid program | 1,303 (13.3) | 1.300 | (1.136-1.488) | |
| Baseline | 0 | 4,742 (48.3) | 1.000 | |
| Charlson | 1 | 4,038 (41.1) | 1.339 | (1.198-1.496) |
| Index (before hip fracture) | 2 | 938 (9.6) | 2.625 | (2.264-3.042) |
| 3, 6 | 99 (1.0) | 5.693 | (4.249-7.627) | |
| Type of hip fracture |
Neck fracture | 5,435 (55.4) | 1.000 | |
| Petrochanteric fracture. | 3,733 (38.0) | 1.090 | (0.966-1.230) | |
| Neck + Petrochanteric fracture. | 649 (6.6) | 1.031 | (0.843-1.261) | |
| Type of operation | Total hip replacement (ICD 10th procedure code: N0711) | 4,574 (46.6) | 1.000 | |
| Open reduction/internal fixation (N0601) | 4,592 (46.8) | 0.963 | (0.855-1.084) | |
| Closed reduction/percutaneous fixation (N0991) | 397 (4.0) | 0.958 | (0.720-1.274) | |
| Hip hemiarthroplasty (N0715) | 216 (2.2) | 0.793 | (0.536-1.174) | |
| Total hip replacement & Open reduction (N0711 + N0601) | 38 (0.4) | 1.213 | (0.575-2.561) | |
| Treatment* | No | 7,761 (79.1) | 1.000 | |
| Yes | 2,056 (20.9) | 0.576 | (0.499-0.666) | |
| Type of hospital providing operation | Tertiary hospital | 2,714 (27.6) | 1.000 | |
| General hospital | 4,649 (47.4) | 0.900 | (0.796-1.018) | |
| Hospital | 1,901 (19.4) | 0.798 | (0.680-0.937) | |
| Clinic | 553 (5.6) | 0.746 | (0.573-0.972) |
* Treatment was defined as whether the patient took at least one prescription of anti-osteoporosis medicine after hip fracture.