Table 2. State HIV testing laws pertaining to screening and consent for pregnant women in healthcare settings^*.

Statute Element	Consistency w/ CDC Rec.	No. of States	States (identified by their abbreviations)
Opt-out screening
Opt-out with general consent for medical  care sufficient, if notified that HIV testing  may be included	Consistent	14	AR (54); CA (55); FL (56); GA (57); IA (58); IL (59); LA (60); MD (61); NJ (62); NM (25); RI (63); TN (64); TX (65); VA (66)
Opt-out with specific consent required,  method of consent not indicated	Neutral	2	MI (67); OR (68)
Opt-out with specific consent required,  verbal or written	Neutral	1	CT (69)
Opt-out with specific written consent  required	Inconsistent	1	IN (70)
Opt-in screening
Opt-in with specific consent required,  method of consent not indicated	Inconsistent	1	DE (71)
Timing of screening
Prenatal and labor and delivery specified	Consistent	13	AR (54); CA (55); CT (69); FL (56); GA (57); IL (59); IN (72); LA (60); MD (61); MI (67); OR (68); TN (64); TX (65)
Prenatal only, labor and delivery not  specified	Neutral	6	DE (71); IA (58); NJ (62); NM (25); RI (63); VA (66)
No statute on screening of pregnant women	Neutral	32	AL; AK; AZ; CO; DC; HI; ID; KS; KY; ME; MA; MN; MS; MO; MT; NE; NV; NH; NY; NC, ND, OH, OK; PA; SC; SD; UT; VT; WA; WV; WI; WY

^*As of November 1, 2008.