| The worse prognostic factors: |
| (i) Greater than 8 years of age |
| (ii) Greater number of relapses |
| (iii) Higher creatinine level at the onset |
| (iv) Proteinuria greater than 1 g/day |
| (v) Hematuria, anemia at diagnosis |
| (vi) Development of hypertension |
| (vii) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
| (viii) Fever at presentation |
| (ix) Purpura above the waist |
| (x) Persistent purpura |
| (xi) Elevated sedimentation rate. |
| (xii) Elevated IgA concentration with reduced IgM |
| concentration at the time of diagnosis. |
| (xiii) Low factor XIII level |
