RDH12 protects photoreceptors against light-induced apoptosis in Balb/C mice. Mice were raised in dim cyclic light for 8 to 12 weeks and light damage was induced in wild-type, Rdh11 knockout and Rdh12 knockout by exposure to 3,000 lux of light for 2 h. After light exposure, mice are returned in dim cyclic light for 7 days to allow the retina to clear all dead cells and return to a well-organized morphology. A, Representative sections of wild-type and Rdh12 knockout retinas. Pictures are taken in the inferior retina, 0.5 mm from the optic nerve head (ONH) as indicated by the boxed area on the low magnification of mouse retina. The layer of photoreceptor nuclei (ONL) is thinner in the knockout than in the wild-type after exposure to bright light, indicating more photoreceptor apoptosis in the knockout. The thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was measured in wild-type and Rdh11 knockout retinas (B) and in Rdh12 knockout retinas (C) at 0.24 mm intervals from the ONH to the inferior and superior ends of retina, as shown by arrows on the low magnification of mouse retina (A, lower panel). Ten mice were used in each group and the mean and SEM are plotted.