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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Androl. 2010 Apr;33(2):443–462. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01049.x

Table 1.

Main points from National Academy of Science report: “Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment: The Task Ahead”

  • Mixtures of phthalates produce effects that are well-predicted using the dose addition model.

  • Other antiandrogen mixtures (including mixtures of phthalates with other antiandrogens) also conform to the dose addition model.

  • Dose addition is an appropriate model for mixtures of antiandrogenic chemicals including phthalates.

  • The response addition model is not an appropriate model for antiandrogenic chemicals.

  • The criteria for including chemicals in cumulative risk assessments is too narrow and should be expanded to include chemicals with similar effects.

  • The current cumulative risk assessment process is not protective because it does not include all chemicals which elicit dose additive toxicity.