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. 2010 Jan 27;38(9):2839–2850. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq012

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© The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Enrichment of TF modules in PPARα binding regions. (A) The binding regions of the 25 most significantly up-regulated genes assigned to GW7647-induced PPARα binding regions were analyzed for TF modules using the Genomatix tool Frameworker. Two modules were identified: TBP-PERO and STAT-PERO in the binding regions linked to up- or down-regulated genes, respectively. (B) The modules TBP-PERO and STAT-PERO were scanned for the relative presence in all GW7647-induced PPARα binding regions located near transcriptional regulated as well as all human promoter regions present in the Genomatix database. A two-proportion z-test was used to analyze significant enrichment of modules. p-values values below 0.05 were considered significantly different. (C) Loss of DNA binding by STAT3 and STAT1 upon PPARα activation. HepG2 cells were treated with GW7647 for 2 h and ChIP performed using antibodies against STAT3, STAT1 and STAT6 with vehicle-treated HepG2 cells serving as control. Precipitated chromatin was subsequently amplified using primers around the predicted STAT-PERO site found in four genes that were linked to a GW7647-induced PPARα binding region and were down-regulated by GW7647. Significant differences are indicated with an asterisk (Student's; t-test, p<0.05).