Table 2.

Stepwise multivariate logistic regression predicting patient-reported medication nonadherence^*

	Step 1: model with demographics		Step 2: model with demographics and disease characteristics		Step 3: model with demographics, disease characteristics, and cognitive functioning		Step 4: model with demographics, disease characteristics, cognitive functioning, and depressive symptom severity
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Age, years	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.23	1.00 (0.98–1.01)	0.43	0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.23	1.00 (0.98–1.01)	0.55
Education†	0.72 (0.47–1.13)	0.15	0.85 (0.53–1.35)	0.49	0.98 (0.60–1.60)	0.93	1.05 (0.64–1.73)	0.85
Ethnicity‡	1.14 (0.83–1.57)	0.02	1.06 (0.75–1.49)	0.20	1.13 (0.80–1.60)	0.14	1.51 (0.83–2.76)	0.18
Female	1.95 (1.11–3.43)	0.43	1.47 (0.82–2.66)	0.75	1.56 (0.86–2.82)	0.50	1.15 (0.81–1.64)	0.44
Below poverty status	1.62 (0.99–2.64)	0.05	1.10 (0.65–1.87)	0.71	1.05 (0.62–1.78)	0.86	0.99 (0.58–1.70)	0.97
Married/with partner	0.91 (0.62–1.33)	0.62	0.87 (0.58–1.29)	0.48	0.89 (0.60–1.34)	0.59	0.84 (0.56–1.27)	0.40
Disease duration, years			0.96 (0.94–0.98)	< 0.0001	0.96 (0.94–0.98)	< 0.0001	0.96 (0.94–0.98)	< 0.0001
SLAQ score			1.08 (1.05–1.11)	< 0.0001	1.08 (1.05–1.10)	< 0.0001	1.05 (1.02–1.07)	< 0.0001
Recent disease flare			1.00 (0.70–1.44)	0.98	1.04 (0.70–1.44)	0.98	0.98 (0.68–1.41)	0.89
Number of medications			1.05 (0.95–1.16)	0.34	1.04 (0.94–1.15)	0.45	1.03 (0.93–1.14)	0.58
HVLT-R learning score					0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.18	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	0.54
HVLT-R percent retention   delay score					0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.17	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.18
CES-D total score							1.04 (1.02–1.05)	< 0.0001

^*OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; SLAQ = Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; HVLT-R = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

^†Less than high school versus high school graduate and beyond.

^‡White versus other.