Table 2.
Step 1: model with demographics |
Step 2: model with demographics and disease characteristics |
Step 3: model with demographics, disease characteristics, and cognitive functioning |
Step 4: model with demographics, disease characteristics, cognitive functioning, and depressive symptom severity |
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OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
Age, years | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.23 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.43 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.23 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.55 |
Education† | 0.72 (0.47–1.13) | 0.15 | 0.85 (0.53–1.35) | 0.49 | 0.98 (0.60–1.60) | 0.93 | 1.05 (0.64–1.73) | 0.85 |
Ethnicity‡ | 1.14 (0.83–1.57) | 0.02 | 1.06 (0.75–1.49) | 0.20 | 1.13 (0.80–1.60) | 0.14 | 1.51 (0.83–2.76) | 0.18 |
Female | 1.95 (1.11–3.43) | 0.43 | 1.47 (0.82–2.66) | 0.75 | 1.56 (0.86–2.82) | 0.50 | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) | 0.44 |
Below poverty status | 1.62 (0.99–2.64) | 0.05 | 1.10 (0.65–1.87) | 0.71 | 1.05 (0.62–1.78) | 0.86 | 0.99 (0.58–1.70) | 0.97 |
Married/with partner | 0.91 (0.62–1.33) | 0.62 | 0.87 (0.58–1.29) | 0.48 | 0.89 (0.60–1.34) | 0.59 | 0.84 (0.56–1.27) | 0.40 |
Disease duration, years | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | < 0.0001 | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | < 0.0001 | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | < 0.0001 | ||
SLAQ score | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | < 0.0001 | 1.08 (1.05–1.10) | < 0.0001 | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | < 0.0001 | ||
Recent disease flare | 1.00 (0.70–1.44) | 0.98 | 1.04 (0.70–1.44) | 0.98 | 0.98 (0.68–1.41) | 0.89 | ||
Number of medications | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.34 | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 0.45 | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 0.58 | ||
HVLT-R learning score | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.18 | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.54 | ||||
HVLT-R percent retention delay score |
0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.17 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.18 | ||||
CES-D total score | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) | < 0.0001 |
OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; SLAQ = Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; HVLT-R = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
Less than high school versus high school graduate and beyond.
White versus other.