Table 4.

Stepwise multivariate logistic regression predicting emergency department visits in a 1-year period^*

	Step 1: model with demographics		Step 2: model with demographics and disease characteristics		Step 3: model with demographics, disease characteristics, and mental health characteristics		Step 4: model with demographics, disease characteristics, mental health characteristics, and self–reported adherence
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Age, years	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.97	1.00 (0.98–1.01)	0.43	0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.19	0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.21
Education†	0.82 (0.52–1.28)	0.38	0.88 (0.56–1.41)	0.60	1.11 (0.68–1.81)	0.68	1.11 (0.69–1.84)	0.67
Female	1.41 (0.79–2.51)	0.24	1.19 (0.66–2.17)	0.56	1.29 (0.71–2.36)	0.41	1.25 (0.69–2.31)	0.47
Ethnicity‡	1.04 (0.75–1.45)	0.80	1.01 (0.71–1.42)	0.97	1.12 (0.78–1.59)	0.54	1.11 (0.79–1.61)	0.58
Below poverty status	1.98 (1.22–3.22)	0.006	1.46 (0.87–2.44)	0.46	1.35 (0.80–2.27)	0.26	1.35 (0.82–2.32)	0.26
Married/with partner	1.22 (0.83–1.79)	0.32	1.20 (0.81–1.79)	1.37	1.26 (0.84–1.89)	0.26	1.28 (0.85–1.91)	0.13
Disease duration, years			1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.27	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.22	1.02 (0.99–1.04)	0.13
SLAQ score			1.07 (1.04–1.09)	< 0.0001	1.06 (1.03–1.09)	< 0.0001	1.06 (1.03–1.09)	< 0.0001
Recent disease flare			0.89 (0.62–1.28)	0.53	0.89 (0.61–1.29)	0.53	0.89 (0.63–1.33)	0.53
Number of medications			1.10 (1.00–1.22)	0.05	1.09 (0.99–1.20)	0.09	1.08 (0.99–1.20)	0.11
HVLT-R learning score					0.97 (0.94–1.00)	0.06	0.97 (0.94–1.00)	0.06
HVLT-R percent retention   delay score					0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.05	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.06
CES-D total score					1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.52	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.78
Forgetting medications							1.45 (1.04–2.04)	0.03

^*OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; SLAQ = Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; HVLT-R = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

^†Less than high school or high school graduate and beyond.

^‡White versus other.