Table 1.
Characteristics of prostate cancer cases and controls
| Characteristic | Genetic Study | Protein Sub-Study | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n=1,458) |
Controls (n=1,351) |
Cases (n=202) |
Controls (n=226) |
|||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | N | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Age at diagnosis/reference date | ||||||||
| 35–49 | 118 | (8.1) | 126 | (9.3) | 18 | (8.9) | 17 | (7.5) |
| 50–54 | 215 | (14.8) | 209 | (15.5) | 38 | (18.8) | 40 | (17.7) |
| 55–59 | 357 | (24.5) | 358 | (26.5) | 76 | (37.6) | 87 | (38.5) |
| 60–64 | 433 | (29.7) | 348 | (25.8) | 70 | (34.7) | 82 | (36.3) |
| 65–69 | 177 | (12.1) | 164 | (12.1) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 70–74 | 158 | (10.8) | 146 | (10.8) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Race | ||||||||
| Caucasian | 1,309 | (89.8) | 1,266 | (93.7) | 202 | (100.0) | 226 | (100.0) |
| African-American | 149 | (10.2) | 85 | (6.3) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| First-degree relative with prostate cancer | ||||||||
| No | 1,145 | (78.5) | 1,200 | (88.8) | 173 | (85.6) | 215 | (95.1) |
| Yes | 313 | (21.5) | 151 | (11.2) | 29 | (14.4) | 11 | (4.9) |
| Screening historya | ||||||||
| None | 157 | (10.8) | 183 | (13.6) | 23 | (11.4) | 34 | (15.0) |
| DRE only | 258 | (17.7) | 518 | (38.3) | 42 | (20.8) | 114 | (50.4) |
| PSA | 1,043 | (71.6) | 650 | (48.1) | 137 | (67.8) | 78 | (34.5) |
| PSA valueb | ||||||||
| < 4.0 | 189 | (13.0) | 355 | (26.3) | 23 | (11.4) | 205 | (90.7) |
| 4.0–9.9 | 814 | (55.8) | 33 | (2.4) | 94 | (46.5) | 9 | (4.0) |
| 10.0–19.9 | 210 | (14.4) | 6 | (0.4) | 28 | (13.9) | 1 | (0.4) |
| ≥ 20.0 | 138 | (9.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 39 | (19.3) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Missing | 107 | (7.4) | 957 | (70.8) | 18 | (8.9) | 11 | (4.9) |
| Gleason score | ||||||||
| 2–4 | 72 | (4.9) | -- | -- | 12 | (5.9) | -- | -- |
| 5–6 | 741 | (50.8) | -- | -- | 84 | (41.6) | -- | -- |
| 7 (3+4) | 408 | (28.0) | -- | -- | 56 | (27.7) | -- | -- |
| 7 (4+3) | 91 | (6.2) | -- | -- | 13 | (6.4) | -- | -- |
| 8–10 | 140 | (9.6) | -- | -- | 36 | (17.8) | -- | -- |
| Missing | 6 | (0.4) | -- | -- | 1 | (0.5) | -- | -- |
| Stage at diagnosis | ||||||||
| Local | 1,141 | (78.3) | -- | -- | 120 | (59.4) | -- | -- |
| Regional | 280 | (19.2) | -- | -- | 67 | (33.2) | -- | -- |
| Distant | 37 | (2.5) | -- | -- | 15 | (7.4) | -- | -- |
| Primary treatment | ||||||||
| RP | 831 | (57.0) | -- | -- | 141 | (69.8) | -- | -- |
| RT | 412 | (28.3) | -- | -- | 34 | (16.8) | -- | -- |
| ADT | 72 | (4.9) | -- | -- | 19 | (9.4) | -- | -- |
| Other treatment | 5 | (0.3) | -- | -- | 1 | (0.5) | -- | -- |
| Active surveillance | 138 | (9.5) | -- | -- | 7 | (3.5) | -- | -- |
PSA=prostate-specific antigen; RP=radical prostatectomy; RT=radiation therapy; ADT=androgen deprivation therapy
a
Screening history within five years prior to diagnosis or reference date.
b
PSA at diagnosis for cases and measured at interview date for controls.