Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the normotensive, hypertensive, and ESRD subjects. Numerical data was analyzed with univariate ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons corrected for multiple comparisons. Categorical data (i.e., sex, biogeographical ancestry) was analyzed using chi-square tests. The physical and biochemical data are presented as age, sex, and biogeographical ancestry adjusted values. Data is presented as mean ± SEM
| n | Normotensive controls n = 18 | Essential hypertension n = 20 | Hypertensive-ESRD n = 30 | ANOVA/chi-square |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age (years) | 34.7 ± 4.3 | 60.5 ± 2.7* | 53.9 ± 2.3* | p < 0.001 |
| Sex (male/female) | 9 (50%)/9 (50%) | 20 (100%)/0 (0%) | 23 (77%)/7 (23%) | p < 0.001 (chi square) |
| Anti-hypertensive medications (number/subject) | 0 ± 0 (0%) | 2.0 ± 0.3* (100%) | 2.4 ± 0.3* (100%) | p < 0.001 |
| Biogeographic ancestry | p < 0.001 (chi square) | |||
| Caucasian | 7 | 10 | 0 | |
| African American | 0 | 4 | 30 | |
| Hispanic | 5 | 3 | 0 | |
| Filipino | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| East Asian | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| South Asian | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Native American | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Other | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Physical | ||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 122 ± 6 | 143 ± 5* | 150 ± 4* | p = 0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 66 ± 3 | 81 ± 3* | 81 ± 2* | p = 0.004 |
| HR (beats/min) | 66 ± 4 | 74 ± 3 | 87 ± 2*, # | p < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 1.4 | 30.1 ± 1.3* | 27.9 ± 0.9 | p = 0.028 |
| Biochemical | ||||
| MMP-1 (ng/mL) | −1.8 ± 25.8 | 11.9 ± 23.4 | 41.9 ± 17.4 | p = 0.307 |
| MMP-2 (ng/mL) | 186.0 ± 22.9 | 165.5 ± 20.6 | 244.0 ± 15.6*,# | p = 0.006 |
| MMP-3 (ng/mL) | 30.4 ± 20.7 | 55.8 ± 18.8 | 72.8 ± 14.0 | p = 0.254 |
| MMP-9 (ng/mL) | 80.1 ± 20.3 | 146.4 ± 18.4* | 157.9 ± 13.6* | p = 0.013 |
| MMP-10 (ng/mL) | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 0.7*,# | p < 0.001 |
*
Significant at p < 0.05 compared to the normotensive group.
#
Significant at p < 0.05 compared to the hypertensive group.