Table 1.
Demographic parameters and hormone concentrations of lean (BMI <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) nondiabetic and diabetic men
| All | Nondiabetic | Diabetic | Lean |
Overweight |
Obese |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nondiabetic | Diabetic | Nondiabetic | Diabetic | Nondiabetic | Diabetic | ||||
| n | 1,849 | 1,451 | 398 | 275 | 36 | 687 | 135 | 489 | 227 |
| Age (years) | 60.9 ± 10.2 | 60.2 ± 0.3 | 63.6 ± 9.8† | 62.8 ± 11.5* | 70.7 ± 10.3*b | 60.9 ± 10.1* | 65.9 ± 9.6*b | 57.9 ± 9.1 | 61.0 ± 8.9b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 5.6 | 29.0 ± 5.2 | 32.3 ± 6.4† | 23.0 ± 3.2 | 23.2 ± 3.2 | 27.4 ± 3.2 | 27.7 ± 3.2 | 34.6 ± 3.2 | 36.4 ± 3.2b |
| Men with subnormal FT (%) | 35 | 33 | 45† | 26* | 44‡ | 29* | 44† | 40 | 50‡ |
| FT (pg/ml) | 58.1 ± 21.2 | 58.9 ± 19.5 | 55.2 ± 20.0† | 62.0 ± 19.4* | 58.8 ± 19.5* | 60.9 ± 19.3* | 56.9 ± 19.5*‡ | 55.5 ± 19.7 | 50.7 ± 19.4‡ |
| FT (nmol/l) | 0.202 ± 0.074 | 0.205 ± 0.068 | 0.192 ± 0.069† | 0.215 ± 0.067* | 0.204 ± 0.068* | 0.211 ± 0.067* | 0.198 ± 0.068*‡ | 0.193 ± 0.068 | 0.176 ± 0.067a |
| Total T (ng/dl) | 368.5 ± 145.3 | 373.4 ± 140.5 | 351.5 ± 144.2† | 389.5 ± 167.3* | 369.7 ± 149.4* | 388.3 ± 138.0* | 356.4 ± 141.5*† | 350.2 ± 132.7 | 330.4 ± 135.6 a |
| Total T (nmol/l) | 12.8 ± 5.0 | 13.0 ± 4.9 | 12.2 ± 5.0† | 13.5 ± 5.8* | 12.8 ± 5.2* | 13.5 ± 4.8* | 12.4 ± 4.9*† | 12.2 ± 4.6 | 11.5 ± 4.7‡ |
| BT (ng/dl) | 101.0 ± 49.2 | 101.8 ± 44.8 | 97.5 ± 46.0 | 106.7 ± 44.1* | 96.6 ± 44.5 | 106.0 ± 44.2* | 101.3 ± 44.8* | 95.6 ± 45.1 | 89.9 ± 44.4 |
| BT (nmol/l) | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 3.7 ± 1.5* | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 1.5* | 3.5 ± 1.6* | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.5 |
| SHBG (nmol/l) | 58.3 ± 29.9 | 58.1 ± 29.1 | 59.5 ± 32.7 | 71.4 ± 27.6* | 76.0 ± 27.8* | 58.8 ± 27.5* | 57.0 ± 27.8 | 51.8 ± 27.9 | 53.6 ± 27.5 |
Data are means ± SD. Testosterone concentrations and prevalence of subnormal free testosterone in columns for diabetic and nondiabetic men were adjusted to the mean age (60.9 years), BMI (29.7 kg/m2), and SHBG concentration (58.4 nmol/l) of the whole population. Testosterone concentrations and prevalence of subnormal free testosterone in the lean, overweight, and obese columns were adjusted only for age and SHBG. Normal ranges: total testosterone (T) (300–1,000 ng/dl), free testosterone (FT) (50–280 pg/ml), bioavailable testosterone (BT) (90–285 ng/dl), and SHBG (20–60 nmol/l). To convert into nanomoles per liter, total testosterone and bioavailable testosterone were divided by 28.8 and free testosterone by 288.
*P < 0.05 vs. obese men in the same group (diabetic or nondiabetic).
†P < 0.05 vs. nondiabetic men.
‡P < 0.001 vs. nondiabetic men.