Table 1.
Characteristics of participants included in the matched-pair analysis with leukoplakia (n = 123) and control subjects without (n = 246), matched for age and sex
| Leukoplakia | No leukoplakia | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (female/male) (n) | 55/68 | 110/136 | § |
| Age (years) | 55.2 ± 15.5 | 55.2 ± 15.6 | § |
| Smokers | |||
| Former (%) | 25 (20) | 55 (22) | 0.389‖ |
| Current (%) | 50 (41) | 55 (22) | <0.001‖ |
| Pack-years smoked | 13.8 ± 21.1 | 8.5 ± 14.3 | 0.002 |
| Alcohol (g/week) | 106 ± 154 | 82 ± 115 | 0.472 |
| Subjects with type 2 diabetes (%) | 27 (22) | 31 (13) | <0.001 |
| A1C (%) | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 0.002 |
| Glucose (mmol/l)* | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 0.007 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l)* | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 0.003 |
| LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 0.004 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l)* | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 0.008 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l)* | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.194 |
| WBC count (Tpt/l) | 7.1 ± 2.1 | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 0.087 |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | 3.4 ± 4.7 | 3.0 ± 6.0 | 0.225 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/l) | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 0.072 |
| Subjects with visceral obesity (%)† | 47 (38) | 68 (28) | 0.039 |
| Subjects with hypertension (%)† | 53 (43) | 97 (39) | 0.500 |
| Education ≥10th grade (%) | 53 (43) | 121 (49) | 0.269 |
| Last dental visit >1 year back (%) | 34 (28) | 45 (18) | <0.001 |
| Mean gingival attachment loss (mm) | 3.6 ± 2.2 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 0.012 |
| Attachment loss, % of sites ≥3 (mm) | 75 (33–97) | 49 (19–89) | 0.027 |
| Gingival bleeding on probing, % of sites | 46 (25–75) | 35 (12–58) | 0.010 |
| Edentulous subjects (%) | 26 (21) | 41 (17) | 0.294 |
Data are means ± SD, n (%), median (interquartile range). WBC, white blood cell.
§Matching variable,
‖reference: never smokers,
*nonfasting,
†according to National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III.