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. 2010 Jan 29;12(1):R18. doi: 10.1186/ar2920

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Copyright ©2010 Scotto d'Abusco et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effect of glucosamine (GlcN) and NAPA on mRNA expression level in HTB-94 cells. Cells were untreated (CTL), treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) or pre-treated with 5 and 10 mM GlcN (G5 and G10) or NAPA (N5 and N10) and then stimulated with TNFα for 1 hour. The mRNA was extracted and analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR). The mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, Mcp-1 and IκBα are shown in (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e), respectively. *P ≤ 0.05. Q-RT-PCR results are expressed as relative mRNA level. Results represent the mean ± standard error of the mean of data obtained by three independent experiments. NAPA, 2-(N-Acetyl)-L-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose.