Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the reaction pathway for Gt activation.

Light causes transition of dark state Rho to activated Rho* that binds heterotrimeric GtαGDPβγ. This binding induces GDP release from the Gt nucleotide-binding pocket and formation of the transient nucleotide-free Rho*–Gtαeβγ complex. Uptake of GTP then leads to formation of the Rho*–GtαGTPβγ complex with subsequent release and dissociation of GtαGTP and Gtβγ from Rho*. Free Rho* then decays to opsin and all-trans-retinal. Subsequent uptake of 11-cis-retinal completes the cycle by regenerating Rho.