. 2010 May;19(5):959–967. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1717

Table 3.

Perceived Stress during Previous Cycle and Risk of Multiple Moderate/Severe Perimenstrual Symptoms and PMS, Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals

		High stress vs. low stress				Total stress score (continuous)
		Unadjusted		Adjusted^a		Unadjusted		Adjusted^a
	n (%)^b	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Number of moderate/severe symptoms
Risk of 8+ moderate or severe symptoms vs. < 8	81 (16.6)	7.77	[3.5-17.12]	7.17	[3.29-15.80]	1.46	[1.26-1.69]	1.45	[1.25-1.68]
Risk of 5+ moderate or severe symptoms vs. < 5	177 (36.2)	2.66	[1.64-3.13]	2.53	[1.55-4.14]	1.26	[1.16-1.37]	1.25	[1.15-1.36]
Moderate/severe PMS
Criterion 1^c	149 (31.6)	2.05	[1.13-3.74]	2.08	[1.14-3.78]	1.19	[1.08-1.31]	1.20	[1.08-1.32]
Criterion 2^d	114 (24.2)	2.51	[1.40-4.40]	2.49	[1.34-4.66]	1.22	[1.11-1.34]	1.22	[1.11-1.36]

^{^a}

Adjusted for age, education, passive and active smoking, waist/height ratio.

^{^b}

Number and percent of participants reporting these symptoms as moderate/severe during the premenstrual week.

^{^c}

Criterion 1 = 3+ moderate/severe PMS symptoms, 1 of which is psychological, and total symptom severity score during premenstrual week is at least 30% greater than the score during the week after menses.

^{^d}

Criterion 2 = same as criterion 1, except requiring 5 + moderate/severe PMS symptoms to be present.

PMS, premenstrual syndrome.